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    • 专利摘要:
    Title: Installation of brakes for a mobile work machine combining direct and indirect control brakes Installation of brakes for a mobile work machine with at least two service brake circuits. One (12) of the brake circuits includes a directly-actuated muscle-force brake (13) and the other brake circuit (11) includes an externally-actuated braking force brake (17). Figure 2
    公开号:FR3081010A1
    申请号:FR1904744
    申请日:2019-05-07
    公开日:2019-11-15
    发明作者:Jan-Christian Rehder；Jan Fritzlar
    申请人:STILL GmbH；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Description
    Title of the invention: Installation of brakes of a mobile working machine combining direct control brakes and indirect control brakes
    Technical Field [0001] The present invention relates to a brake installation of a mobile working machine comprising at least two service brake circuits.
    PRIOR ART [0002] The mobile working machines according to the present invention include ground transport vehicles, mobile agricultural or forestry devices as well as mobile construction machines. Ground transportation vehicles include forklifts, tractors and flatbed vehicles. Such mobile working machines generally have a service brake and an operating brake.
    The service brakes of mobile working machines generally include drum brakes, disc brakes or lamella brakes. Two different braking principles are thus applied:
    1. Directly controlled brakes (for example hydraulically or mechanically controlled) consist of one or two brake circuits. Both variants can be equipped with a braking force amplifier (hydraulic, electric or pneumatic force);
    2. Indirectly applied brakes (for example hydraulic or mechanical) in the form of an external force brake system acting on all brake circuits in the same way. In brake systems with external braking force, the actuation of the brake pedal serves hydraulically or mechanically, in a valve, as a control variable, to transmit pressure from a hydraulic brake force accumulator which is proportional to apply it to the wheel brake.
    Direct actuation systems are used more for light vehicles while indirect actuation systems are used for heavy vehicles. In general, the decision is based on pressure and volume requirements and taking into account the length of the brake system pipes.
    The two systems, however, each have specific drawbacks.
    1. Disadvantages of direct actuation brakes:
    - Direct coupling creates a goal conflict between a pedal force as low as possible and a pedal stroke as short as possible. This conflict of destination can be resolved by a braking force amplifier.
    - Two-circuit systems are difficult to design because the volumes and pressures are often different in the respective brake circuits.
    - The implementation of assisted brake systems in the hydraulic circuit is complicated (for example for emergency braking).
    - In the event of a failure of the energy supply in systems fitted with braking force amplifiers, the significant forces which must be exerted on the pedal, complicate braking (depending on the use and the dimensioning of the energy accumulators).
    2. Disadvantages of indirectly controlled brakes:
    - If the energy supply is cut, the number of braking operations still available depends on the size and filling level of the energy accumulator, which is for example a hydraulic pressure accumulator.
    - It is not possible to brake when the energy accumulator is empty, for example, a hydraulic pressure accumulator. This constitutes a difficulty on long traffic ramps or for towing operations or for the escape that a stopped vehicle takes. This results in a greater dependence between the operating capacity and the metering capacity of the parking brake.
    - In the case of an empty energy accumulator, for example a hydraulic pressure accumulator, the parking brake remains the only brake available in the braking system.
    - The vehicle is not ready to move before the energy accumulator, in particular a hydraulic pressure accumulator, is charged.
    - In a dual circuit system, it is necessary to have in each brake circuit an energy accumulator, for example a hydraulic pressure accumulator.
    - The satisfactory sensitivity and the possibility of dosing require the implementation of significant resources.
    -If in the case of a single circuit system, the external force (energy accumulator) disappears, we will not be able to brake (for a positive actuation) or we will not be able to do a complete controlled braking negative actuation, in particular for a spring accumulator brake which does not release hydraulically).
    AIM OF THE INVENTION The aim of the present invention is to develop a brake installation of the type defined above and which overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks.
    DESCRIPTION AND ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION To this end, the invention relates to a brake installation of the type defined above characterized in that one of the brake circuits comprises a muscle force brake directly actuated and the other brake circuit includes an externally actuated external brake force brake.
    The essential idea of the invention is thus the combination of an indirect brake actuation and a direct brake actuation in a system with two brake circuits. Thus one circuit depends on the direct control brake action and the other brake circuit depends on the indirect control brake. The combination of the two systems makes it possible to have very widely the respective advantages while considerably reducing the disadvantages mentioned.
    Advantageously, the muscle brake circuit with direct actuation is produced as a hydraulic brake circuit with amplification of the braking force. Thus for the direct actuated brake, the objective conflict between a pedal force as low as possible and the pedal stroke as short as possible is resolved. As an amplifier of the braking force, it is for example possible to use a conventional vacuum amplifier, which generates the auxiliary force by a pressure difference (atmospheric pressure with respect to a vacuum).
    The brake circuit equipped with the brake force brake actuation or indirect control is preferably made as a hydraulic brake circuit comprising a hydraulic pressure accumulator as an external force accumulator. The hydraulic pressure accumulator is connected by a valve to the drum brake, the disc brake and the disc brake. When the valve is opened, the hydraulic fluid under pressure arrives at the brake and for example pushes the brake piston against the brake drum, the brake disc and the brake pads. This allows for particularly high brake pressures.
    The brakes can be applied in two different ways:
    Alternatively, the brake actuated indirectly by an external force is produced as a positive actuation brake, the actuation of which activates the braking force. Thus, actuation of the brake pedal produces the relaxation of a pressurized agent in a brake force accumulator, as a function of the stroke of the pedal so that in the brake, there is a brake pressure proportional to the pedal stroke. In the case of a hydraulic brake circuit, the valve of the hydraulic circuit opens in proportion to the stroke of the pedal so that the brake fluid arrives from the hydraulic accumulator under pressure, in a metered and corresponding manner and creates pressure in the brake.
    According to another variant, the brake with indirect control of the brake force is produced as a negative control brake, the actuation of which produces the release of the force. Such external force brakes are, for example, spring-loaded accumulator brakes hydraulically activated. The brake actuation is then used only to decrease the hydraulic release pressure to trigger the brake pressure that the spring installation can apply. In the case of a hydraulic brake circuit, the valve opens in the hydraulic circuit by actuating the brake pedal according to the stroke of the pedal so that the hydraulic release pressure decreases and the pressure of brake generated by the spring installation exerted on the brake decreases. This form of brake actuation is particularly suitable for emergency braking.
    According to a particularly preferred development of the invention, the mobile working machine comprises at least one drive axle with electric drive and at least one non-drive or non-drive axle. The directly actuated muscle force brake is associated with the drive axle and the indirectly actuated external force brake is associated with the non-drive axle. Since the external force brake with indirect actuation can exert a higher brake pressure, it is advantageously used for the non-driving axle because this axle has no other braking capacity. On the other hand, the electrically driven axle can also provide dynamic braking power (braking with generation of electricity) by one or more electric motor (s) for movement or circulation. For example, an electric circulation motor transforms the kinetic energy of the vehicle into electrical energy when braking. The electric circulation motor then functions as a generator. Because of this additional braking power, the service brake equipping this electrically powered axle can be dimensioned more weakly. The muscle braking force with direct actuation is sufficient in this case.
    Preferably, the non-driven axle is the steering axle. This prevents the drive from influencing the guidance.
    Advantageously, the driven axle is the rear axle and the non-driven axle is the front axle of the mobile working machine. Under these conditions, the direct-acting muscle force brake is associated with the rear axle, while the external, indirect-acting force brake, which can exert higher brake pressures, is associated with the front axle. This is also advantageous because in a vehicle, in general the braking forces required at the front axle are higher than those required at the rear axle.
    A development of the idea of the invention provides that the brake circuit comprising the external force brake with indirect control includes at least one brake assist installation. Brake assist systems are particularly elegantly integrated into such brake circuits.
    In particular, the realization of the brake circuit as a hydraulic brake circuit makes it possible to integrate the braking assistance installation in a technically very simple manner. The brake assist system preferably includes an electrically operated valve which is integrated into the hydraulic brake circuit. The electrically operated valve is preferably between the hydraulic pressure accumulator and the drum brake, the disc brake or the lamella brake, in parallel with the valve controlled by the brake pedal. In this way the electrically controlled valve can initiate a braking phase independently of actuation of the brake pedal. The electrically operated valve thus cooperates with the installation for controlling a braking assistance system. The control system can, for example, initiate emergency braking when there are dangerous situations.
    The invention is suitable for any type of mobile working machine, in particular transport trolleys, mobile agricultural and forestry machines as well as mobile construction machines. The invention is particularly suitable for tractors or flatbed vehicles.
    The invention offers a series of advantages:
    In the event of a power supply failure, for example of a hydraulic pressure accumulator, in the indirectly controlled brake circuit, the direct control circuit always allows unlimited braking. The braking capacity of the vehicle is independent of the state of charge of the energy accumulator since there is still a direct brake circuit. Thus starting is possible directly after starting the vehicle. In addition, an out-of-service vehicle can still be braked without limitation by the direct control brake circuit even when the brake energy accumulator is empty. This is particularly important for the towing phases. In addition, this increases operating safety because even when the energy accumulator is empty, there are two independent braking systems (direct brake circuit of the service brake and the parking brake). A single actuation of the pedal makes it possible to easily supply different brake fluid volumes and pressures to the two service brake circuits. For brake assist systems, there is a simple implementation of additional actuators with automatic control, for example valves in the indirectly controlled brake circuit. This is simply done by an electrically operated valve, additional in parallel to the previously operated valve of the same hydraulic pressure accumulator. There is also a cost saving and a reduction in size since it is not necessary to have an energy accumulator in the indirectly actuated brake circuit.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention will be described below in more detail with the aid of an embodiment shown schematically in the figures in which: [0040] [fig.l] shows a tractor, [0041 ] [fig-2] shows a service brake of the tractor of figure 1 with a system with two brake circuits with a combination of brakes with direct actuation and indirect actuation.
    DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT [0043] Figure 1 shows a mobile working machine 1 made as a tractor 1.
    A chassis 2 receives the main elements of the tractor 1. It is the front axle 3, steering, non-driving and thus produced as a non-driven or non-driving axle, a rear axle 4 produced as an electrically driven axle or non-driving axle and constituting the driving axle; it includes electric drive motors, not shown. The chassis also has a coupling device 5, a plate 6 for receiving a load as well as a device not shown serving for the control of electrical functions such as those of the drive motors for movement. The operator is in the driver's cabin 7 and thus controls the tractor 1. The coupling device 5 makes it possible to couple carts for transporting loads which will be pulled by the tractor 1. The plate 6 is provided for carry smaller loads. A traction battery 8 is installed in the space between the axles 3, 4 under the plate 6.
    Figure 2 shows in detail the front axle 3 and the rear axle 4 of the tractor 1 shown in Figure 1. The two axles 3, 4 are equipped with a brake system 9 with two circuits constituting the service brake; this system is controlled from the common brake pedal 10. In addition, the tractor 1 is equipped with a non-detailed parking brake.
    The two-circuit brake system 9 comprises two hydraulic brake circuits 11, 12. The brake circuit 12 comprises a directly actuated muscle force brake 13 comprising a pack of blades 14 on the rear axle 4 of the tractor 1. The pressure exerted by the actuation of the brake pedal 10 is transmitted by a hydraulic brake cylinder 15 to the hydraulic fluid of the brake circuit 12 to push the brake piston 16 against the packet of lamellae 14.
    The other brake circuit 11 includes an external force brake 17 with indirect actuation; this brake 17 is composed of a packet of plates 19 at the front axle 3 of the tractor 1. The pressure exerted by the actuation of the brake pedal 10 is transmitted by a hydraulic cylinder 20 to a control pipe 30 actuating the valve 21.
    The external force brake 17 with indirect actuation is presented in the embodiment as a positive control brake equipped with a brake control device triggering the braking force. By actuating the brake pedal 10, the valve 21 is opened in proportion to the stroke of the brake pedal 10 so that the hydraulic fluid can dosed out of the hydraulic pressure accumulator 22 and press the brake piston 18 against the slat package 19.
    In addition, a braking assistance installation 23 can be provided comprising an electric valve 24 activated in parallel with the valve 21 in the brake circuit 11. This allows the electric valve 24 to initiate a braking phase independently of actuation of the brake pedal 10. The electric valve 24 thus cooperates with an installation for controlling an assisted braking system which is not shown in the figure. The control system can thus, for example, automatically initiate emergency braking when dangerous situations are detected.
    NOMENCLATURE OF THE MAIN ELEMENTS [0051] 1 Tractor [0052] 2 Chassis [0053] 3 Front axle [0054] 4 Rear axle [0055] 5 Coupling device [0056] 6 Load receiving plate [0057] 7 Driver's cabin [0058] 8 Battery [0059] 9 Two-circuit brake system [0060] 10 Common brake pedal [0061] 11 Hydraulic brake circuit / other brake circuit [0062] 12 Hydraulic brake circuit [0063] 13 Muscular force brake with direct actuation [14] Plate package [0065] 15 Hydraulic cylinder [0066] 16 Brake piston [0067] 17 External force brake with indirect actuation [0068] 18 Brake piston [0069] 19 Slat package [0070] 20 Hydraulic cylinder [0071] 21 Valve [0072] 30 Control line [0073] 18 Brake piston [0074] 22 Hydraulic pressure accumulator [0075] 23 Braking assistance station [0076] 24 Electrically operated valve
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    claims [Claim 1] Brake installation of a mobile working machine comprising at least two service brake circuits, installation characterized in that one (12) of the brake circuits comprises a directly actuated muscle force brake (13) and the another brake circuit (11) comprises an external braking force brake (17) actuated indirectly. [Claim 2] Brake installation according to claim 1,characterized in thatthe service brake (12) with muscular force (13) with direct actuation is produced as a service brake, hydraulic, comprising a braking force amplifier. [Claim 3] Brake installation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in thatthe brake circuit (11) with the external braking force brake (17) with indirect control is produced as a hydraulic brake circuit equipped with a hydraulic pressure accumulator (22) as a braking force accumulator. [Claim 4] Brake installation according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in thatthe external force brake (17) with indirect actuation is designed as a positive actuation brake with a brake actuation triggering the braking force. [Claim 5] Brake installation according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in thatthe external force brake (17) with indirect control is produced as a negatively actuated brake with a brake actuation triggering the release of the braking force. [Claim 6] Brake installation according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in thatthe mobile working machine (1) comprises at least one electrically driven driving axle (4) and at least one non-driving axle (3), the direct-acting muscle force brake (13) being applied to the driven axle ( 4) and the brake with indirect control braking force (17) being applied to the axle (3) not driven. [Claim 7] Brake installation according to claim 6, characterized in that
    the non-driven axle (3) has a steering axle. [Claim 8] Brake installation according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in thatthe driven axle (4) is the rear axle and the non-driven axle (3) is the front axle of the mobile working machine (1). [Claim 9] Brake installation according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in thatthe brake circuit (11) with the external braking force brake (17) with indirect actuation comprises at least one brake assist installation (23). [Claim 10] Brake installation according to claim 9, characterized in thatthe brake assist installation (23), of the embodiment of the brake circuit (11) as a hydraulic brake circuit, comprises an electrically controlled valve (24) in the hydraulic brake circuit. [Claim 11] Brake installation according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in thatthe mobile working machine (1) is a tractor (1) or a flatbed vehicle.
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    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    FR3081010A1|2019-11-15|Braking installation of a mobile working machine combining direct and indirect control brakes
    FR2860849A1|2005-04-15|Wheel disc brake for e.g. motorbike, has electromechanical and hydraulic actuators to press brake lining against brake disc, and auto-amplifier converting friction force exerted on lining by actuators to push pressing lining against disc
    FR2553845A1|1985-04-26|HYDRAULIC BRAKE SYSTEM WITH BRAKE SLIDING CONTROL FOR MOTOR VEHICLE
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    FR2711598A1|1995-05-05|Hydraulic braking system for vehicle.
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    FR2572040A1|1986-04-25|BRAKING SYSTEM WITH TRACTION SLIDING AND BRAKING REGULATION
    FR2662129A1|1991-11-22|HYDRAULIC BRAKE INSTALLATION WITH TWO CIRCUITS.
    FR2594768A1|1987-08-28|HYDRAULIC ANTI-LOCK BRAKING SYSTEM
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    FR2561192A1|1985-09-20|DEVICE FOR HYDRAULIC ASSISTANCE OF THE STEERING OF A MOTOR VEHICLE
    FR2586983A1|1987-03-13|SLIDING REGULATION BRAKING SYSTEM
    FR2966116A1|2012-04-20|INSTALLATION OF HYDRAULIC BRAKES OF A VEHICLE WITH ANTI-PIPE CONTROL
    FR2939388A1|2010-06-11|Recuperative hydraulic brake system e.g. anti-lock brake system, controlling method for vehicle, involves using pressure energy generated from pressure generator during decelerating process of vehicle for reinforcing brake pressure
    FR2658144A1|1991-08-16|VEHICLE BRAKING SYSTEM HAVING MEANS FOR LIMITING DRIVING SKATING OF DRIVING WHEELS ON THE GROUND.
    FR2705633A1|1994-12-02|Hydraulic circuit with distributor capacity.
    FR2993225A1|2014-01-17|WORKING MACHINE WITH ELECTRIC DRIVE SYSTEM
    WO2015136170A1|2015-09-17|Braking system for a hybrid vehicle preventing the pads from clamping in energy recovery mode
    FR2999508A1|2014-06-20|INSTALLATION OF HYDRAULIC BRAKES OF ANTI-SKATING VEHICLE
    FR3069219B1|2019-11-01|BRAKE SYSTEM FOR VEHICLE AND CORRESPONDING BRAKE CONTROL METHOD
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE102018111451A1|2019-11-14|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE19963760A1|1999-12-30|2001-07-05|Bosch Gmbh Robert|Hydraulic vehicle brake system|
    DE102008012708A1|2008-03-05|2009-09-10|Linde Material Handling Gmbh|Work vehicle with parking brake|
    EP3034369A1|2014-12-15|2016-06-22|Linde Material Handling GmbH|Mobile working machine with a braking device|
    WO2021179118A1|2020-03-09|2021-09-16|华为技术有限公司|Brake system, brake method and vehicle|
    DE102020119750A1|2020-07-27|2022-01-27|Deere & Company|Vehicle braking system and agricultural towing vehicle|
    法律状态:
    2020-05-19| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2021-05-21| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2021-12-17| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20211217 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102018111451.6|2018-05-14|
    DE102018111451.6A|DE102018111451A1|2018-05-14|2018-05-14|Braking device of a mobile work machine with a combination of directly and indirectly operated brake|
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